BackgroundThis pilot study aims to test the usability of the iACTwithPain platform, an online ACT-based intervention for people with chronic pain, to obtain information on which intervention and usability aspects need improvement and on expected retention rates.MethodsSeventy-three Portuguese women with chronic pain were invited to complete the first three sessions of the iACTwithPain intervention assess their quality, usefulness and the platform’s usability. Twenty-one accepted the invitation. Additionally, eight healthcare professionals working with chronic medical conditions assessed the platform and the intervention (...) from a practitioner’s point of view.ResultsThis study presented a considerable attrition rate (71.43%) among chronic pain participants, with six completers. There were no significant differences in demographic or clinical variables between dropouts and completers except for completed education (participants who dropped out presented less education than completers). Reasons for dropout were related to difficult personal events occurring during the time of the intervention, lack of time, or having forgotten. There seemed to be an overall satisfaction with both the intervention, its contents and form of presentation of information, and the platform, concerning its design, appearance, and usability. Real image videos were preferred over animations or audio by chronic pain participants. Healthcare professionals emphasized the appealing and dynamic aspects of the animation format.ConclusionThis study informs the ongoing improvement of the iACTwithPain platform and provides valuable information on aspects researchers should consider while developing online psychological interventions for chronic pain. Further implications are discussed. (shrink)

Background: Chronic Pain (CP) has serious medical and social consequences, and leads to economic burden that threatens the sustainability of healthcare services. Thus, optimized management of pain tools to support CP patients in adjusting to their condition and improving quality of life is timely. Although Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is considered an evidence-based psychological approach for CP, evidence for the efficacy of online-delivered ACT for CP is still scarce. At the same time, studies suggest that self-compassion mediates the change (...) in disability and psychopathological symptoms in ACT interventions for CP, although self-compassion is not a specific target in ACT. Thus, an explicit focus on self-compassion might increase the efficacy of ACT interventions for CP, although this hypothesis has not been tested. This study aims to develop an eHealth ACT and compassion-based self-management intervention for CP, the iACTwithPain, and to compare its efficacy in improving health outcomes to a similar ACT-only intervention and a waiting list group. Methods: The eHealth platform that will host the interventions will be developed using a flat design identity and will be interactive. The iACTwithPain intervention will comprise 8 weekly self-management sessions, and will be developed taking into consideration the psychological flexibility model applied to CP, with the addition of explicit compassion-based components. To analyse whether the iACTwithPain intervention will present superiority in improving CP’s impact and related health markers over the two other conditions, this study will follow a RCT design with three arms. CP patients will be recruited through direct contact with patient associations and healthcare services and a national press release in Portugal. Outcome measurement will be conducted at baseline, post-intervention and at 3- and 6-months follow-ups. The interventions’ acceptability will also be assessed. Discussion: The iACTwithPain intervention is expected to improve CP patients’ psychosocial functioning, quality of life, and empowerment, by promoting adaptive disease management and regulation of pain-related internal experiences. Results will contribute to a better understanding on the pertinence of adding compassion elements to ACT for CP and to reach an optimized intervention for CP. (shrink)

The contribution of Jesuits to the different fields of knowledge, including philosophy, is historically well known. In fact, since the foundation of the Society of Jesus, in the 16th century, Jesuits from different generations and cultures have taken part in the philosophical debates of their time and their different contexts. Since the foundation of the Society of Jesus, in 1540, the Jesuits, individually and as a body, have engaged in a fruitful dialogue between the Christian tradition and different dimensions of (...) human culture. During almost five centuries, numerous Jesuits taught philosophy in academic institutions all over the world. Some of them have their names recorded in the history of philosophy. Of course, the majority of them is not anymore remembered, despite their valuable contribution to the development of the Jesuit intellectual tradition up to our times. In fact, as an heir of the Roman College, the first academic institution founded by the Society of Jesus, in 1551, the Pontifical Gregorian University, in Rome, is a witness to this tradition, which has been kept alive thanks to the discrete work of both Jesuits and lay intellectuals. Known as the University of the Nations, this institution corroborates not only the capacity of the Jesuit tradition to put faith in dialogue with reason, but also the option to take the concrete reality of each human culture and its historical context as its point of departure. The Jesuits’ willingness to engage in dialogue with different intellectual perspectives is underpinned by one of the most defining traits of the Jesuit charism, namely, the conviction that God can be found and served in all things. Accordingly, Jesuits have adopted, from the beginning, an amenable stance towards the world with its different cultures and intellectual trends. As such, Jesuits have, since the beginning, inhabited the frontiers of human thought. According to the contemporary philosopher Paul Gilbert, SJ, within the institutions under the leadership of the Society of Jesus, it was always possible to maintain an equilibrium between two principles: “intellectual unity” and “openness to the world.” Without detriment to the Jesuit identity, the companions of Ignatius have been willing to dwell in the various dimensions of human reality, in their multiplicity and plurality. Either in the renewal of Aristotle’s and Aquinas’ metaphysics, or in the dialogue with modern philosophers such as Descartes, Kant, or Hegel, and even in the inculturation in non-European contexts, the Jesuits have been able to preserve the Christian tradition through an original development of human culture in all its richness and diversity. With respect to the last century, it has to be acknowledged that a significant number of Jesuits made significant contributions, with recognized competence, to philosophy. Certainly, the 20th century was particularly complex in many respects. It would be enough to recall that this period, which brought with it unprecedented social, scientific, and technological developments, was also the stage for the two World Wars. With the emergence or consolidation of philosophical currents such as Marxism, Phenomenology, Existentialism, Structuralism, and Post-Modernism, the past century was, without any doubt, fascinating from the intellectual point of view. Jesuits such as Karl Rahner, Frederick Copleston, Bernard Lonergan, William Norris Clarke, John F. Kavanaugh, Teilhard de Chardin, Gaston Fessard, Jean Daniélou, Henri de Lubac, Michel de Certeau, Xavier Tilliette, Paul Valadier, Paweł Siwek, Ignacio Ellacuría, Francisco Taborda, Henrique de Lima Vaz and, in the Portuguese context, Diamantino Martins or Júlio Fragata, among many others, were able to engage different philosophical currents, problems and controversies of their times. Faithful to their long tradition of being present in the frontiers of thought, those Jesuits have engaged in a fruitful dialogue with these intellectual trends, offering relevant contributions to different ongoing debates. Within this context, the present volume recalls and discusses the philosophical contribution of some of the most prominent Jesuit protagonists of the intellectual interchange that took place in the 20th century. This volume also intends to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia, which happens just before the inauguration of the Ignatian Year. Decreed by Father Arturo Sosa, the Superior General of the Society of Jesus, this celebratory Year will start on May 20, 2021, precisely 500 years after Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit Order, was wounded at the battle of Pamplona. We are happy that this volume could bring together outstanding specialists in the thought of some of the most prominent Jesuits philosophers of the last century, namely Paul Valadier, Paul Gilbert, Józef Bremer, Jacek Poznański, Alexander Maar, Patrick H. Byrne, M. Ross Romero, Carlos Alvarez, Hélio Pereira Lima, José Gama, Domingos Terra, Gabriel Flynn, Marie-Gabrielle Lemaire, José Sols Lucia, Lorena Zuchel Lovera, Pedro Pablo Achondo Moya, Enzo Solari, Massimo Borghesi, Mendo Castro Henriques, João Barbosa, and Dominique Lambert. In addition, in the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Júlio Fragata’s birth, Maria Teresa Fragata presents a memory of his life and thought. We hope that this volume may be useful to all those interested in the Jesuit philosophical tradition. Hopefully, it will stimulate scholars to pursue a fruitful and creative dialogue with contemporary philosophy, in the footsteps of the Jesuit philosophers featured here. We would like to thank all the authors and all those who, in different ways, made this volume possible. (shrink)

Die Studie zeigt, dass Autobiographien weit mehr sind als individuelle Lebensentwürfe. Vor allem Autobiographien von Paaren zeugen von den Schnittstellen gemeinsamen Lebens und Schreibens. Sie bieten sich in herausragender Weise an, die Zweistimmigkeit im Leben und Schreiben von Paaren in den Blick zu nehmen und relationale Dimensionen des Lebens in kreativen Schaffensprozessen als ethisches und ästhetisches Moment wahrzunehmen. Dem komplexen Beziehungsgeflecht von Autobiographien wird hier am Beispiel des bekannten spanischen Schriftstellerpaares María Teresa León und Rafael Alberti nachgespürt. Über die (...) individuellen Prägungen der Autobiographien hinaus wird das Netz, das zwischen beiden Autoren und Texten im autobiographischen Schreiben gesponnen wurde, aufgedeckt und einer Stereophonie der Autobiographie Raum gegeben. (shrink)

Examining the ethics of the church as an institution necessarily asks what can serve as criteria or ultimate aims for the functioning of institutions responsible for nourishing and supporting Christian witness in society. For liberation theology and ethics, orthopraxis—righteousness in the practices both within and outside the church for the sake of becoming the church of the poor—becomes such criteria. Becoming a church of liberation, the church of the poor, allows us to evaluate the church as an institution or polis (...) with a particular common good that ought to be shaped for and put at the service of prophetic Christian witness. Recent crises and challenges in the life of the Christian churches in the United States help ground this proposal in the author’s specific context. (shrink)

Background: This study investigated the factors affecting the acceptability in France of abortions. Method: 80 study participants from Toulouse and 124 from Metz judged the acceptability of abortion in 64 vignettes composed of five factors: 1) the adolescent's age (15 or 17.5 years), 2) the adolescent's plans to continue schooling or not, 3) the fetus' age (1, 2, 3, or 4 months), 4) the adolescent's parents' agreement or not, and 5) the agreement or not of baby's father. Results: Three clusters (...) were noted: 1) abortion is never acceptable (8% of participants), 2) abortion is always acceptable (23%), and 3) acceptability of abortion depends on the circumstances (63%). In the majority cluster (3), all five factors had significant effects, but the fetus's age accounted for most of the variance (78%). Conclusion: Most subjects in this study judged, in accordance with French law, that the acceptability of induced abortion in minors depends on the circumstances and, in particular, on the fetus' age. (shrink)

Los Centros Especiales de Empleo crean empleo para las personas con discapacidad (PCD). Se aborda su situación tras la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las PCD de la Organización de Naciones Unidas. Las conclusiones corroboran su contribución a la economía social y aportan retos de un modelo cuestionado, que debe abordar aspectos como: la diferenciación de empresas de iniciativa social y privada; la mejora salarial; la relación laboral de carácter especial; los convenios sectoriales; la profesionalización de los equipos de (...) gestión y de apoyo; la capacitación de sus plantillas y la implementación de medidas que garanticen su viabilidad futura. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 98 Heft: 2 Seiten: 734-741.

É este o momento de uma mudança de paradigma? Piaget será substituído por Vygotsky? Tal polêmica não teria por base uma atitude científica. Não é o caso de se privilegiar uma abordagem em detrimento de outra. Deve-se, antes, procurar conhecer suas similitudes e diferenças para participar do processo de renovação da pedagogia brasileira e para compreender por que a abordagem sócio-histórica vem ganhando espaço na construção do conhecimento.

El presente trabajo busca las ventajas de articular la inducción y la analogía con las éticas aplicadas en proyectos socioeducativos. La revisión de artículos muestra que en los proyectos sociales predominan las éticas principialistas, a las que subyace una lógica deductiva, pero algunosestudios revelan éticas aplicadas de corte dialógico y crítico estructuradas con la inducción y la analogía. Se examinan posiciones teóricas sobre el estatuto de las éticas aplicadas, confirmando quela inducción y la analogía están presentes, tanto en la casuística (...) que culmina en la construcciónde máximas o criterios prudenciales como en procedimientos que exigen la participación de losinvolucrados en cada caso concreto, y en el círculo de la hermenéutica crítica con sus dialécticas. Mediante un procedimiento analítico-sintético se examinan 12 proyectos socioeducativos realizados en modalidad no formal. Como resultado, se distinguen cuatro combinaciones: 1) ética prescriptiva y lógica deductiva, 2) ética del reconocimiento y lógicas alternadas, 3) ética dialógica y lógica deldescubrimiento y 4) ética prudencial de la hermenéutica crítica y lógica dialéctica. Se concluye que, al incluir la inducción y la analogía en las éticas aplicadas en proyectos socioeducativos,se contribuye a la mejora de los aprendizajes y a la producción de pautas de comportamiento yconvicciones morales acordes con el contexto respectivo. (shrink)

“Cosa sarebbe una società che obbedisse automaticamente a una parola d’ordine trasmessa meccanicamente, che regolasse su di essa la sua scienza e la sua coscienza, e che avesse perduto, con il senso della giustizia, la nozione di verità? Cosa sarebbe un’umanità in cui la forza brutale prendesse il posto della forza morale?” Sono trascorsi pochi mesi dallo scoppio del primo conflitto mondiale, quando Henri Bergson pone questi drammatici interrogativi. Incaricato dal governo francese, nel 1917 e nel 1918, di due missioni (...) diplomatiche presso la presidenza degli Stati Uniti, svolgerà questo compito anche attraverso la parola, scritta e orale, da alcuni giudicata semplice propaganda patriottica, di scarso interesse filosofico. Invece, in questo volume i suoi testi del periodo bellico, confrontati con alcune lettere degli anni 1914- 1936, sono esaminati come una tappa fondamentale di un itinerario speculativo che dai temi metafisici lo condurrà a quelli più squisitamente morali. Aver sperimentato la fatale alleanza tra il progresso tecnico e la forza brutale, indurrà infatti Bergson a porre in termini nuovi l’interrogativo sulla guerra e sulla storia stessa, considerando la costruzione della pace inseparabile da un profondo rinnovamento morale e da personalità esemplari capaci di attivare le necessarie risorse spirituali. (shrink)

A fines de los 50 y a lo largo de los años 60 Feyerabend formula su doctrina de la proliferación teórica. Con ella busca inicialmente destacar la presencia positiva de la metafísica en el proceso de explicación teórica. Concretamente, pretende dar cuenta de la impotencia de toda teoría científica de explicar realísticamente el mundo si no estuviera informada por supuestos que sus interlocutores juzgan como a-científicos o pre-científicos. Ahora bien, para poder precisar el papel que juega la metafísica en el (...) proceso de explicación teórica es preciso dilucidar qué entiende Feyerabend por realismo. Entre los especialistas existe una discusión acerca de si este defiende un realismo científico o un antirrealismo. Con el propósito de poder comprender en qué sentido Feyerabend sostiene que la metafísica provee vías de acceso para explicar el mundo, procuraremos demostrar la naturaleza normativa de su realismo. At the end of the 50s and throughout the 60s, Feyerabend formulated his doctrine of theoretical proliferation. With this doctrine, he sought to emphasize the positive presence of metaphysics in the process of theoretical explanation. In particular, he claims to account for the impotence of any scientific theory for realistically explaining the world if it was not informed by some assumptions that his partners judge as non-scientific or pre-scientific. However, in order to specify the role of metaphysics in the process of theoretical explanation it is necessary to clarify what Feyerabend understands for realism. Among specialists there is a discussion about whether he defended a scientific realism or an anti-realism. In order to be able to understand in what sense Feyerabend holds that metaphysics provides access ways to explain the world, we will try to demonstrate the normative nature of his realism. (shrink)

This book is a multi-faceted attempt to understand the psychological mysteries of land, space, native cultures, changing eras, and geographical dislocation. It shows us that many remote and seemingly peaceful areas of the world have their own dark and silent pasts in which their original inhabitants were often brutally wiped out. Weaving history, geography, myth, philosophy, and psychoanalysis together, this book tries to understand why such atrocities were committed, how those subjected to these 'crimes' might have perceived them, and what (...) are the long-term, trans-generational consequences of these historical events. (shrink)

Los diseños experimentales adoptados en las ciencias empíricas traducen y seleccionan exteriorizaciones fenoménicas, de modo tal que ellas constituyan ciertas formas de percepción y posibilidades de comprobación que proceden del "objeto" mismo. En un nivel meta-teórico, podríamos identificar en tales diseños reduccionismos que facilitan toda suerte de simplificaciones epistémicas y metodológicas a costa, de eliminar cosas que necesitan ser entendidas y que son parte de una imagen completa del fenómeno que estudiamos. Por reduccionismo entendemos el proceso de simplificación y operatividad (...) que exige un diseño experimental. Pues bien, tanto Ortega y Gasset como Paul Karl Feyerabend denuncian las consecuencias y absurdos que se siguen de las diversas modalidades de reduccionismos para la misma ciencia. No es novedad en absoluto reconocer en Ortega y Gasset un auténtico filósofo de la ciencia ni mucho menos encontrar afinidades con los grandes representantes de este campo disciplinar. En este trabajo analizaremos como las lecturas orteguianas de esta problemática, así como su propuesta, corre en líneas paralelas a las denuncias de Feyerabend. (shrink)

El artículo ofrece un análisis exploratorio respecto a los límites y obstáculos que presentan los reduccionismos metodológicos en la investigación psicoclínica respecto a la espiritualidad. Por reduccionismo metodológico se entiende el proceso de simplificación y operatividad que exige el mismo diseño experimental adoptado en la investigación psicoclínica. El trabajo se limita a señalar un absurdo que se sigue de la misma implementación de ciertos recortes metodológicos: a saber, aquel diseño metodológico que debería garantizar el abordaje racional de los fenómenos espirituales (...) y religiosos opera muchas veces como facilitador de comprensiones erróneas e incompletas del fenómeno. En este sentido quizás podamos repensar estos diseños de la investigación psicoclínica incorporando o atendiendo en sus formulaciones teóricas al bagaje cognoscitivo de las tradiciones teológicas y espirituales –elementos y principios aparentemente ajenos a la racionalidad científica–. Pues ellas pueden significar un camino posible para que las demostraciones científicas de la salud mental adquieran mayor fuerza explicativa. (shrink)

“comprenderlo todo, no significa personarlo todo”(Peter Burke)Einstein dijo una vez con relación al destino que «el Universo no juega con nosotros a los dados». Con ello quería decir que simplemente el azar no existe, y que además se trataba de una de las más descabelladas ideas fabricadas por la mente humana. Karl G. Jung, un apasionado defensor de la Astrología, definió al destino como «aquello de nosotros mismos que no conocemos». Y es justamente esto lo que le tocaría vivir al (...) Coronel Mi.. (shrink)

Este trabajo es una serie de reflexiones personales acerca de la problemática dialéctica en Platón y Agustín, como también su proyección sobre el pensamíento actual. Fundamentalmente quisiera rescatar algunos conceptos a los que prestar especial atención: contingencia, apariencia, dualidad y negación que, aunque com diferentes alcances aparecen tanto en Platón como en Agustin, para culminar finalmente en la filosofia hegeliana. Por eso, he dividido mi ponencia en cuatro partes. Primero una introducción general, segundo, el tema de la dialéctica desde la (...) lógica clásica, tercero el análisis de la dialéctica en Platón y en Agustín para, finalmente, proyectar algunas ideas e interpretaciones en función dei pensamiento y la realidad dei mundo actual. (shrink)